Empowering Communities Through Education
(Few Facts About Greenwood)
The Greenwood District: A Story of Triumph, Tragedy, and Resilience
The Greenwood District of Tulsa, Oklahoma, is a cornerstone of African American history in the United States, often referred to as “Black Wall Street” for its unparalleled economic success in the early 20th century. Its history is one of community, enterprise, and creativity, but also of profound tragedy and inspiring resilience. Here’s an in-depth look at the Greenwood District’s journey.
The Birth of Greenwood
Greenwood was established in 1906, named after Greenwood, Mississippi, by O.W. Gurley, a wealthy African American entrepreneur. Gurley purchased 40 acres of land and designated it for African Americans seeking refuge from the oppressive racial climate of the time. The area quickly became a beacon of hope and opportunity for Black Americans escaping Jim Crow laws in the South.
With segregation limiting opportunities elsewhere, Greenwood’s Black residents built a self-sustaining community. By the 1910s and 1920s, Greenwood flourished as a thriving hub of Black-owned businesses, schools, churches, and cultural institutions.
The Rise of Black Wall Street
Greenwood’s economic engine earned it the nickname “Black Wall Street,” symbolizing its wealth and self-reliance. The district was home to over 300 Black-owned businesses, including:
Banks: Black-owned financial institutions that funded community ventures.
Movie Theaters: Including the Dreamland Theatre, which was a cultural hotspot.
Professional Services: Doctors, lawyers, and real estate agents provided essential services.
Retail Shops: Offering goods and services that rivaled those in white neighborhoods.
Hospitality: Hotels and restaurants served both locals and visiting dignitaries.
At its peak, Greenwood residents enjoyed a standard of living that defied racist stereotypes of the time. The district epitomized Black prosperity, with luxurious homes, modern schools, and vibrant social life.
